Research
RESEARCH
DOCUMENTS & INDEPENDENT STUDIES
MAGNETIC
WATER TREATMENT
THE
UNITED STATES TESTING COMPANY, INC., performed a test to determine the
effectiveness of magnetic water treatment in preventing boiler scale build-up.
Upon subjection of the residual salts from both the treated and non-treated
samples to x-ray distraction examination, a distinctive difference in the
crystalline structure of the deposited residues was noted. The two samples were
found to have the same chemical constituents but the x-ray distraction analysis
indicates that the dominant crystal species in the untreated sample is calcium
sulfate and calcium silicate, while in the treated sample the dominate species
is a calcium carbonate and calcium sulfate (non corrosive elements). The samples
are therefore physically different.
United
States
Testing Center Inc. Schmutzer, M.A., and
Hull
,
G.W., "Examination to Determine the Physical or Chemical Differences
Between Untreated and Magnetically Treated Water".
The
Advance Research Agency of the
Department of Defense sponsored research in magnetic treatment of water
reporting that the fact generally agreed upon is that a magnetic field reduces
the kinetics of crystallization processes and the freedom of movement of charged
particles. This limitation of the motion of particles in the field results in an
increase in the number of collisions and the formation of crystallization
centers. Magnetic treatment is effective if the liquid is passed through the
flux of a magnet having a sufficiently field and magnetic gradient, providing
that the temperature of the liquid is not too high.
Advanced
Research Agency of the Department of Defense, Hibben, Stuart G. "Magnetic
Treatment of Water".
The
National Aeronautics and Space
Administration, NASA, tested magnetically treated water against chemically
treated water for corrosion rates of steel corrosion coupons placed in the two
water systems. Reported results were excellent with corrosion rates of 1 to 50
mils per year using chemical inhibitors, with 4 mils per year considered to be
acceptable, while corrosion rates of 0.0 mils per year were recorded for the
magnetic treatment.
National
Aeronautics and Space Administration NASA Kuivinen, David E., Comparing
Corrosion Rates of Steel Corrosion Inhibitors.
Lewis
Research
Center
,
Cleveland
.
From
The
Institute of Mineral Fuels of the USSR Academy of Sciences, Dr. V.I.
Klassen reports that no one argues about the effectiveness of magnetic treatment
of water. In the
Soviet Union
the use of magnetic
treatment of water is used extensively and with tremendous economic effect.
These practitioners are making extensive use of magnetic treatment but are in
serious need of scientific assistance. Marked reduction of scale formation in
steam boilers has been verified in practice and confirmed in laboratories but
the theory, which explains the nature of the process is not clearly understood.
Anon,
Tekhnika Molodeshi, Vol. 10 pg. 22.
Fedotkin,
L.M., Engergetika I Electrifkasia, Vol. 5, pg. 42
In
addition, magnetic treatment does not change the processes in the setting of
cement, but stimulates and intensifies these processes quantively (specifically
the initial steps of the crystallization process and the character of
nucleation). For example a magnetic field produces larger numbers of crystals,
shortens the induction period of crystallization and increases the number of
crystals per unit volume of cement suspension.
Grashko,
I.M., Belova,
L.A.
,
and Lishanskii, B.A., Operations of the Magnetic Treatment of Water Used for the
Mixing of Cement Concentrates, Izv. Vyyssh. Zavedi Stroit Arkhit, No. 3.
L.
Tlazovskiyi, V.A. and
Analiua
,
S.A.
,
:Electrochemical Studies of Cement Suspensions in Magnetically Treated Water,
Unobtainable Russian Journal Article.
COMMENTS
PUBLISHED BY RESEARCH SCIENTISTS
Several
thousand magnetic water conditioners are now rendering great service in
buildings all sizes, from private homes to hospitals, schools, military
buildings, etc. These units will protect the whole circuit of cold and hot water
as well as sanitary installations against scale
formation and corrosion when placed where the water main enters the
premises. It is remarkable to note that algae,
such as normally grow on coolers in the open air and in swimming pools, die
rapidly under the effects of the magnetic treatment.
Vermelren,
T., Corrosion Technology (
Belgium
).
It
may sound rather surprising that water
can be purified by magnetic treatment but the fact is unquestionable.
The answer as to why a magnetic field affects the properties of waste has not
yet been found; it can only be expected when further research has elucidated the
properties of the water molecule.
Belova,
V., Ph.D., Doctor of Chemical Sciences, Institute of General and Inorganic
Chemistry, Academy of Sciences, USSR, Soviet Science Review (USSR).
"Based
upon analyses of existing technical literature on the magnetic treatment of
water and its ability to alter water properties, there are many basic areas
where the utilization of this method has great practical merit, such as
elimination of scale; control of encrustation; reduction of salt deposits;
intensification of coagulation and crystallization; improving bacterial function
of disinfectants; acceleration of reagent diffusion; increasing the efficiency
of ion-exchange resin; removal of fine particles in the purification or
recycling of waste water; extraction of valuable metals from; acceleration of
the solidification of cements, increasing the density and strength of casting
molds; etc."
Stevoich,
V.A., Liebhold, K., Hibben, S.G., Air Force Office of Scientific Research,
Advanced Research Projects Agency of the United States Department of Defense, Arlington,
Virginia,
USA
.
"It
was concluded that the magnetic unit used in these tests was very effective in
controlling scale and corrosion in water
systems, in such diverse applications as a large
air conditioning condenser, syrup evaporators in a sugar mill, cooling
exchangers in a large chemical processing plant in a boiler
and a steam
generator. Significant savings in time, cost and equipment were effected
in all cases."
Raisen,
E., PhD., The Control of Scale and Corrosion in Water Systems Using Magnetic
Fields. Paper #117, CORROSION.
Magnetic
Water Treatment - Quinn
A
study of the influence of magnetics on corrosion control showed that magnetic
treatment inhibits the rate of corrosion.
Reimers,
R.S., de Kernior, P.S., Culiepier, V.C., Tulane University
This
work has shown that voltages and currents reproduced when conducting solutions
are made to flow through a magnetic treatment device in which the magnetic field
is orthogonal to the fluid flow. Although many earlier papers dealing with
Magnetic Water Treatment Devices have discussed the theory of
magnetohydrodynamic voltage generation, none has ever demonstrated that this
voltage could be measured and none has considered what the consequences of the
induced voltage and concomitant current might be for scale control.
Bush,
K.W., Busch M.A.., Parker, D.H., Darling, R.E., McAtee, J.L., Jr., Laboratory
Studies Involving Magnetic Water Treatment Devices. Paper #251, CORROSIONS '85.
"Despite
adverse evaluation by some water technology experts and inconsistent performance
in field tests, a variety of magnetic water treatment devices (MTDS) employing
permanent magnets continues to be promoted for the prevention of scale and other
deposits in water using systems. The studies reported here by the Baylor
Water Research Group are unique. For the first time, researchers in an
American laboratory have been able to conclusively demonstrate that something
fundamental does in fact happen when water is circulated not just through a
magnetic field, but through an actual magnetic water treatment device. In
summary, the
potential benefits which could be derived from a non-chemical method of water
conditioning of this type include reduced energy requirements, water
conservation, reduction or elimination of chemical feed and control requirements
and reduced pollution."
